Chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) is a common and refractory disease of the blood system. This disease belonged to the categories of "Xuexu"

" Xueku"

"Suiku" and "Suilao" in traditional Chinese medicine. The late Professor Zhou Ping’an

laureate of the title Prestigious TCM Doctor of Beijing

was skilled at treating various kinds of difficult diseases from "the ascending and descending of the spleen and stomach" . He believed that "invigorating the spleen and stomach" was not just about tonifying. The key was to conform to the characteristics of the spleen and stomach qi

and restore the normal pattern of ascending by the spleen and descending by the stomach. "Invigorating the spleen and stomach" is also "regulating the ascending and descending" . The selection of herbs should follow the principle of "interdependence between ascending and descending"

focusing on ascending the spleen qi and descending the stomach qi. CAA is always based on the deficiency of the spleen

lung and kidney

which is the root

and the branch is the binding of stasis

phlegm and toxin. It belongs to the "deficiency in essence and excess in superficiality

characterized by a mixture of excess and deficiency" . In essence

it is induced by the abnormal movement of the spleen and stomach. Treatment ideas included: invigorating the spleen and appetizing the stomach

restoring the rise and fall of qi; once the movement of qi becomes normal

it is possible to supplement the deficiency without causing obstructions; finally

elimination of pathogens should be moderate even after the free activity of qi is restored. This study explains the diagnosis and treatment of CAA with Zhou Ping’an’s idea of "invigorating the spleen and stomach

regulating the ascending and descending" with case records.